Apacheの設定方法


今回は、これ以降の設定でTOMCAT,JAVA環境構築の為に以下のサイトからhttpd-2.2.15.tar.gzをダウンロードしました。(6.3MB)
Apacheはここからダウンロードできます。http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/

最新更新日:2010年10月28日



◆Apacheの設定は以下の順序で行ないます。

  1. Apacheのインストール

  2. Httpd.conf修正

  3. Apacheを起動する


◆Apacheのインストール
Apacheをここからダウンロードした方は以下の方法でインストールしてください。

# mount /mnt/cdrom   ← CD-ROMをマウントします。

# cd /mnt/cdrom/Apache ← CD-ROMのApacheに移動します。

/mnt/cdrom/Apache# cp httpd_2.2.15_tar.gz /usr/local/src         

/mnt/cdrom/Apache# cd /usr/local/src   

/usr/local/src# tar zxvf httpd_2.2.15_tar.gz   ←解凍

/usr/local/src# cd httpd-2.2.15 ←httpd-2.2.15へディレクトリーを移動する                                    

/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.15# ./configure --prefix=/var/lib/apache ← apacheは/usr/localにインストールされますので、/var/lib/apacheに変更しました。                               

/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.15# ./configure --prefix=/var/lib/apache --enable-rule=SHARED_CORE --enable-module=so ← PHP,TOMCATを後でインストールされる方は、こちらの指定をします。                               

/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.15# make 

/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.15# make install 

トップへ戻る

◆httpd.confの修正
httpd.confサーバ設定の中核をなすファイルです。Apacheの基本的な動作が、このファイル設定で決定されます。 /var/lib/apache/conf/httpd.confをvi等で修正します。例によって赤字の部分を修正しました。
#
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2> for detailed information.
# In particular, see 
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html>
# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.  
#
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo_log"
# with ServerRoot set to "/var/lib/apache" will be interpreted by the
# server as "/var/lib/apache/logs/foo_log".

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path.  If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to point the LockFile directive
# at a local disk.  If you wish to share the same ServerRoot for multiple
# httpd daemons, you will need to change at least LockFile and PidFile.
#
 ServerRoot "/var/lib/apache" ←Apacheサーバのルートです。

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the 
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80
 Listen 80 ←Apacheポートは80です。

#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#

<IfModule !mpm_netware_module>
<IfModule !mpm_winnt_module>
#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.  
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User daemon
Group daemon

</IfModule>
</IfModule>

# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#

#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
ServerAdmin you@example.com ←#を外して、管理者のメールアドレスを入力します。
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80 ←#を外して、wwwのドメイン名を入力します。

#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "/var/lib/apache/htdocs" ←/var/lib/apache/htdocsに公開するホームページを入れます。
#
# Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect
# to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that
# directory (and its subdirectories). 
#
# First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of 
# features.  
#
<Directory />
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Order deny,allow
    Deny from all
</Directory>

#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#

#
# This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.
#
<Directory "/var/lib/apache/htdocs">
    #
    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
    # or any combination of:
    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
    #
    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
    # doesn't give it to you.
    #
    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
    # for more information.
    #
    #Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    Options Includes FollowSymLinks ExecCGI ← cgi等を使用したいので修正しました。
    #
    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    #
    AllowOverride None

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    #
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all

</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being 
# viewed by Web clients. 
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
    Order allow,deny
    Deny from all
    Satisfy All
</FilesMatch>

#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
E#rrorLog "logs/error_log"
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/error_log" ← apacheのエラーログの場所です。

#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

   <IfModule logio_module>
      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>

    #
    # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
    # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
    # container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do*
    # define per- access logfiles, transactions will be
    # logged therein and *not* in this file.
    #
    #CustomLog "logs/access_log" common
    CustomLog "/var/logs/apache/access_log" common
   CustomLog "/var/logs/httpd/access_log" common ← apacheのアクセスログの場所です。

    #
    # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
    # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
    #
    #CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>
    #
    # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to 
    # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client 
    # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
    # Example:
    # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

    #
    # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
    # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
    # Example:
    # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
    #
    # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
    # require it to be present in the URL.  You will also likely
    # need to provide a  section to allow access to
    # the filesystem path.

    #
    # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. 
    # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
    # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
    # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
    # client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
    # directives as to Alias.
    #
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/lib/apache/cgi-bin/" ← cgiの場所です。
</IfModule>

AddHandler cgi-script .cgi ← #を外してcgiを開放します。

    # For type maps (negotiated resources):
    #AddHandler type-map var

    #
    # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
    #
    # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
    # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    AddType text/html .shtml ← #を外してshtmlをssi機能付きファイルとして認識させます。

    #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>

#
# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
# contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile
# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
#
#MIMEMagicFile conf/magic

#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html ← #を外して404 not found用にmissing.htmlを作成します。

#

#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, 
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted 
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
#
#EnableMMAP off
#EnableSendfile off

# Supplemental configuration
#
# The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be 
# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of 
# the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as 
# necessary.

# Server-pool management (MPM specific)
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf

# Multi-language error messages
#Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf

# Fancy directory listings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf

# Language settings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf

# User home directories
#Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf

# Real-time info on requests and configuration
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf

# Virtual hosts
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf ← #を外してバーチャルホストの設定を宣言します。


# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual
#Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf

# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
#Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf

# Various default settings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf

# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
#
# Note: The following must must be present to support
#       starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent
#       but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.
#
<IfModule ssl_module>
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
</IfModule>


バーチャルホストを立ち上げる場合は、/var/lib/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.confを以下のように修正します。
 
# Use name-based virtual hosting.
#
#NameVirtualHost *:80
NameVirtualHost xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:80 ← #を外してxxx.xxx.xxx.xxxはIPアドレス
#
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for requests without a known
# server name.
#
<VirtualHost 210.232.179.66> ← #を外してxxx.xxx.xxx.xxxはIPアドレス
ServerName www.hoge.com
DocumentRoot /var/lib/apache/htdocs← ドキュメントの位置を指定します
ServerAdmin admin@hoge.com← 管理者のメールアドレス
ErrorLog /var/log/apache/error_log← apacheのエラーログ
TransferLog /var/log/apache/access_log← apacheのアクセスログ
</VirtualHost>
#
<VirtualHost 210.232.179.66> ← #を外してxxx.xxx.xxx.xxxはIPアドレス
ServerName www.hoge1.com
DocumentRoot /opt/www/htdocs← ドキュメントの位置を指定します
ServerAdmin admin1@hoge.com← 管理者のメールアドレス
ErrorLog /var/log/apache1/error_log← apacheのエラーログ
TransferLog /var/log/apache1/access_log← apacheのアクセスログ
</VirtualHost>


#/var/lib/apache/bin/apachectl -t  ←httpd.confで記述に間違いがないか確認をします。
#Syntax OK  ←このように表示されれば問題ない。

トップへ戻る

◆Apacheを起動する
vi /etc/rc.d/rc.httpdでrc.httpdを開きます。
 
#!/bin/bash
#
# Start the Apache web server

case "$1" in
    'start')
       /usr/sbin/Apachectl start;;
    'stop')
       /usr/sbin/Apachectl stop;;
    'restart')
       /usr/sbin/Apachectl restart;;
    *)
      cho "usage $0 start|stop|restart" ;;
esac  
ここで/usr/sbinを/var/lib/apache/bin/に変更する
そして chmod 755 rc.httpdでパーミションを設定します。

chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.httpd ←/etc/rc.d/rc.httpdのパーミショッンを775にします。

再起動してHTTPDが起動するのを確認してください。

トップへ戻る

前ページへ戻る


ご質問・お問い合わせ - 免責事項
Copyright (C) 1998 hero-island. All Rights Reserved.